The Convention on Migratory Species (CMS), also known as the Bonn Convention, is a pivotal international treaty aimed at the conservation and sustainable management of migratory animals worldwide. Established under the auspices of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) in 1979, the convention brings together countries and regions through which migratory animals pass to coordinate and implement protective measures across national boundaries. As of now, the CMS has been ratified by over 120 parties, which underscores its global significance and broad acceptance. The main objective is to conserve terrestrial, marine, and avian migratory species throughout their range, ensuring that migratory species and their habitats are preserved for future generations.
Migratory species face numerous threats such as habitat loss, climate change, poaching, and pollution. These threats are often exacerbated by the fact that these species cross multiple political and geographical boundaries during their migratory cycles. The CMS serves as a platform for the parties to share information, harmonize their efforts, and establish complementary or joint conservation strategies that are essential for the survival of these species. Through its appendices, the CMS lists species that require varying degrees of protection, including many that are endangered or vulnerable, such as the AmurLeopard, SiberianCrane, and the MarineTurtle.
The CMS operates through the Conference of the Parties (COP), which meets every three years to review its progress, adopt new policies, and collaborate on effective strategies to address emerging threats to migratory species. The COP also promotes the development of specialized agreements for the conservation of specific species or smaller groups of species. These agreements can be regionally focused or applicable worldwide, providing a tailored approach to the conservation needs of different animals. Some notable agreements under the CMS include the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA) and the Memorandum of Understanding concerning Conservation Measures for Marine Turtles of the Atlantic Coast of Africa.
In addition to formal agreements, the CMS also fosters scientific research and public awareness campaigns aimed at promoting the importance of biodiversity and the roles migratory species play in ecosystems. Educational programs and collaborative projects, often supported by NGOs and other international bodies, help to enhance understanding and engagement among local communities, policymakers, and conservationists. The success of the CMS in preserving migratory species not only contributes to global biodiversity but also supports EcosystemServices that benefit humanity, such as pollination, pest control, and maintaining the health of marine environments. Through concerted international cooperation and commitment, the CMS continues to be a beacon of hope for the future of migratory species across the globe.