Kolu, also known as Golu or Bommai Kolu, is a festive display of dolls and figurines in South India during the autumn festival of Navaratri, a Hindu festival that lasts for nine nights (usually in September-October). It is predominantly celebrated in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana. The term "Kolu" in Tamil refers to a divine presence, and setting up a Kolu involves arranging various dolls on an odd-numbered sequence of tiers or steps (usually 3, 5, 7, 9, or 11). These dolls are traditionally made of clay or wood and depict gods, goddesses, animals, birds, and even scenes from everyday life.
The practice of displaying a Kolu has deep religious and cultural significance. It is believed to be an invocation of the goddesses Saraswati, Lakshmi, and Parvati to bless the household. Each doll symbolizes a particular deity or an aspect of life, capturing a wide array of themes from mythology to local folklore and modern-day innovations. The arrangement is not merely decorative; it serves as a focal point for Pooja (worship) and Bhajans (devotional songs), with families inviting relatives and neighbors to visit and exchange gifts and sweets. This practice not only reinforces social ties but also helps in passing down cultural values and stories to the younger generations.
The preparation for Kolu begins well before the start of Navaratri. Families take great care in selecting and arranging the dolls, with some being heirlooms passed down through generations, while others are newly purchased to add variety and contemporaneity to the collection. The setting up of the Kolu is often a family activity, with members contributing creatively. Themes can vary widely, from recreations of popular stories from the epics, like the Ramayana or the Mahabharata, to depictions of rural and urban life. The creativity displayed in Kolu arrangements is immense, with some even incorporating automated dolls or elaborate lighting to enhance the visual spectacle.
During the festival, it is customary for visitors to sing hymns and songs in praise of the deities, and in return, they are offered Prasad (sanctified offerings) and small gifts. The hosting families often prepare special dishes, and the atmosphere is one of joy and celebration. On the final day, the dolls are symbolically put to sleep, and a ritual called Udwasana is performed, marking the end of Kolu for the year. This festive tradition not only brings communities together but also serves as a platform for artistic expression and religious observance, showcasing the rich cultural tapestry of South India.