The Modi Doctrine refers to the foreign policy approach adopted by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi since he took office in May 2014. It is characterized by its proactive and nationalist stance, emphasizing India's role as a major global player while fostering economic growth and security. The doctrine is built on a few foundational pillars: NeighborhoodFirst, Act East, and strengthening strategic partnerships with major powers across the globe. Modi’s government has prioritized improving relations with neighboring countries in South Asia to enhance regional stability and security.
Under the NeighborhoodFirst pillar, Modi has taken decisive steps to strengthen ties with countries like Bhutan, Nepal, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. This initiative is evident from his first day in office when he invited all leaders of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) to his inauguration. The approach aims to resolve longstanding regional issues through diplomacy and active engagement. For instance, the India-Bangladesh Land Boundary Agreement in 2015 resolved a complex territorial dispute, strengthening bilateral relations. Moreover, the launch of the South Asia Satellite in 2017 demonstrated India’s commitment to regional development, offering crucial support in communications and meteorology to neighboring countries.
The Act East policy, a reinvigorating of the Look East policy, reflects a strategic shift in India's vision towards strengthening economic and strategic relations with the nations of Southeast Asia and the extended region including Australia, Japan, and South Korea. This policy is not solely focused on enhancing economic ties but also on securing strategic and security-related interests. As part of this doctrine, Modi has actively worked to bolster ties with ASEAN countries and has regularly participated in the East Asia and ASEAN-India summits. His visits to countries like Japan, South Korea, and Australia have been pivotal in elevating India’s diplomatic and economic engagements, emphasizing shared values and mutual benefits.
In addition to regional strategies, the Modi Doctrine has emphasized India's role on the global stage, seeking to position the country as a leading power rather than just a balancing power. This global approach under Modi has been marked by increased participation in international forums such as the G20, BRICS, and the United Nations. A significant aspect of this policy is the InternationalYogaDay, initiated by Modi and adopted by the United Nations, which showcases cultural diplomacy and soft power. Furthermore, Modi’s push for reforming global governance structures, including advocating for India's permanent membership in the UN Security Council, highlights a forward-looking approach to international relations.
Overall, the Modi Doctrine is a multifaceted approach aiming to project India as a robust and active global player while securing its strategic interests and promoting regional and international cooperation. This doctrine continues to evolve as it adapts to global changes and challenges, marking a significant shift in India’s foreign policy landscape since 2014.