Psychological flexibility refers to the ability to adapt to changing situational demands, reconfigure mental resources, shift perspective, and balance competing desires, needs, and life domains. Essentially, it involves being open to experiencing events fully and intentionally, without defense, while making decisions and taking actions based on one's values and desired long-term outcomes. This concept is central to Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), a form of behavioral therapy that argues psychological flexibility is the key to improved mental health. Core processes of ACT that help in building psychological flexibility include cognitive defusion, acceptance, contact with the present moment, self-as-context, values, and committed action.
One key aspect of psychological flexibility is the ability to be mindfully aware of the present moment without undue judgment or attachment to specific thoughts and feelings. This mindfulness allows individuals to recognize their patterns without becoming entangled in them, facilitating a more objective and empowering approach to life's challenges. For example, rather than being overwhelmed by negative thoughts, a person with high psychological flexibility might notice these thoughts, understand them as mere mental events, and then refocus on their present actions aligned with their values.
Another crucial component is values clarification—knowing what is most important in one's life and using that knowledge to guide actions. This helps individuals commit to behaviors that are congruent with their desired life directions, despite the presence of obstacles or emotional pain. This commitment to action despite adverse feelings or thoughts is referred to as committed action. By continually choosing to act in accordance with personal values, even when it's difficult, individuals cultivate a more resilient and satisfying life.
Moreover, psychological flexibility involves an openness to experience—accepting things as they come without excessive struggle against them. This acceptance does not mean passive resignation but an active, non-judgmental embrace of the present circumstances, which allows for a more adaptive and less avoidant approach to life. Such acceptance paired with cognitive defusion—seeing thoughts and feelings as transient mental events rather than truths—enables individuals to engage more fully with life, reducing the impact of negative biases and emotional reactions.
In summary, psychological flexibility can greatly enhance how individuals navigate their lives, improving mental health and overall well-being. It represents a dynamic interplay of being open, aware, and actively engaged in behaviors consistent with deeply held values, even in the face of psychological distress. By developing psychological flexibility, people can better manage stress, adapt to change, and lead fulfilling lives aligned with their authentic selves.