Vastu Shastra, originating from the ancient Indian subcontinent, is an age-old architectural science that guides the design and construction of buildings in harmony with natural laws. Derived from the Sanskrit words "Vāstu," meaning dwelling, and "Shastra," meaning science or knowledge, it is essentially the science of architecture that encapsulates principles of design, layout, measurements, ground preparation, and spatial geometry. Vastu aims to integrate architecture with nature, the relative functions of various parts of the structure, and ancient beliefs utilizing geometric patterns (Yantra), symmetry, and directional alignments. This traditional Hindu system is closely linked to the concept of FengShui in Chinese culture, which also emphasizes the flow of energy (Chi) in an environment.
The core philosophy of Vastu Shastra is to establish a dynamic balance between Form and Energy so that harmonious conditions are created for the inhabitants. It is believed that each building has a soul of its own, which is known as VastuPurusha. According to the legends, Vastu Purusha was a demon that was fought and immobilized by the gods in a square or rectangular layout with his head resting in the Northeast and his legs in the Southwest. This myth forms the basis of the Vastu Purusha Mandala, which is the metaphysical plan of a building that incorporates the five elements of nature—earth, water, air, fire, and space—and dictates specific rules for the layout of a building.
Practical applications of Vastu span from residential to commercial and spiritual buildings, all structured to enhance well-being, prosperity, and happiness for the occupants. The orientation of various rooms in a house, for example, plays a crucial role; the living room should face the east to receive the morning sunlight, the kitchen should ideally be located in the southeast as it is the direction of the god of fire, and bedrooms should be in the south or west. The proper alignment according to Vastu is believed to attract positive energy, leading to a better quality of life, health, and wealth. Modern adaptations of Vastu often combine ancient principles with contemporary aesthetics to suit the functional needs of today's buildings.
Despite its ancient origins, Vastu Shastra remains relevant in contemporary architecture and is practiced widely across India and in parts of Southeast Asia. Architects and builders increasingly consider Vastu principles during the initial design phases, ensuring that the buildings align with cosmic principles for enhanced harmony. While skeptics may regard Vastu as pseudoscience, its principles have influenced countless structures across the globe, making it a unique and integral part of architectural heritage. The adaptability of Vastu in modern constructions demonstrates its enduring legacy and the ongoing confluence of tradition with modernity, marked by a Holistic approach to living spaces that cater to both spiritual and material needs.