The term "cornerstone" originally referred to a physical and critical element in the construction of a building. Historically, the cornerstone was the first stone set in the construction of a masonry foundation, important since all other stones would be set in reference to this stone, thus determining the position of the entire structure. Over time, cornerstones often included inscriptions, dates, or other significant information that marked the commencement of construction. These stones were typically placed at a corner or a notably important area, which could be accessed for ceremonial purposes, such as laying ceremonies which often included pomp and festivity.
In a broader metaphorical sense, the concept of a cornerstone has come to signify something much more profound in various aspects of society. In business, for example, a cornerstone refers to a basic, essential, and foundational element upon which a larger entity is built. This could be a key product, a critical business partner, or a foundational business principle that determines the direction and integrity of the business. Similarly, in technology, certain algorithms or hardware can be considered cornerstones due to their critical role in the overall functionality and performance of systems.
Expanding on its metaphorical use, the term “cornerstone” is also pivotal in social and cultural contexts. It can describe foundational beliefs or principles that form the basis of a philosophical, religious, or ethical system. For instance, the principle of non-violence is a cornerstone of many Eastern religions, while principles of democracy and freedom stand as cornerstones in many Western societies. These principles guide the behavior and decisions of individuals within these societies, shaping their worldview and interactions both within and across cultures.
Lastly, in literature and art, the concept of a cornerstone can be used to describe a work or an artist that has had a profound and lasting impact on a genre or period. Shakespeare’s plays, for example, are considered cornerstones of English literature due to their enduring relevance and depth in exploring human nature. Similarly, Picasso’s contributions to modern art make his work a cornerstone that spurred countless discussions and further innovations in the art world. These contributions are not just foundational but are also points of reference that future generations return to repeatedly, drawing inspiration and building upon them. Thus, whether in physical, business, cultural, or artistic contexts, the term "cornerstone" denotes an essential, indispensable quality that fundamentally shapes and supports the structures built upon it.